As I edit this long piece of fiction, I find poorly chosen words and descriptions in my rough, hand-written draft. In both speaking and writing, I am not careful — this morning I wondered whether I needed to use spade or shovel. Spade was the correct choice, although I do not use the word often. Articles such as — Types of Shovels — open up worlds.
I keep dictionaries of landscape, tools, architecture,wild flowers and other guides to the natural and built worlds on my desk. I enjoy studying the words and relations and yet often they are too precise for the character. Knowing what would be correct for this character or for that character requires not just the books of words, but also a careful ear to the way the people characters are built up as they speak of things they do and use.
Building on a thought of Orwells, for some characters recognizing the spring wildflowers are pretty may be enough, but for another, recognizing the specific trillium is a minimum. And leveling descriptions requires a similar discernment.





